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NEW QUESTION 180
The sixteenth century was an age of great ___exploration.
- A. none of the above
- B. common man
- C. mental
- D. cosmic
- E. land
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION 181
One of Magellan's ships explored the ___ of South America for a passage across the continent.
- A. physical features
- B. coastline
- C. none of the above
- D. islands
- E. mountain range
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 182
High in the Andes Mountains in Peru stands the ancient city of Machu Picchu. No one knows why this
great city was built, nor is it likely that we will ever know. Nevertheless, the deserted city of Machu Picchu
is important for what it reveals about the ancient Inca people of South AmericA. The Incas once ruled a
great empire that covered a large part of the South American continent. The empire was more than five
hundred years old when the first Spanish explorers, looking for gold, went to that continent in the
sixteenth century. The Incas were an advanced people. They were skillful engineers who paved their
roads and built sturdy bridges. They plowed the land in such a way that rains would not wash away
valuable soil. They dug ditches to carry water into dry areas for farming. Even though they did not know
about the wheel, the Incas were able to move huge stone blocks- some as heavy as ten tons- up the sides
of mountains to build walls. The blocks were fitted so tightly, without cement of any kind, that it would be
impossible to slip a knife blade between them! The walls have stood firm through great storms and
earthquakes that have destroyed many modern buildings. The Incas were great artists, too. Today, Incan
dishes and other kinds of pottery are prized for their wonderful designs. Since both gold and silver were in
great supply, the Incas created splendid objects from these precious metals. While it is true that the Incas
had no written language, they kept their accounts by using a system of knotted strings of various lengths
and colors. The sizes of the knots and the distances between them represented numbers. At its height,
the Incan empire included as many as thirty million people. The emperor ruled them with an iron hand. He
told his subjects where to live, what to plant, how long they should work even whom they could marry.
Since he owned everything, the emperor gave what he wished when he wished- and in the amount he
wished -to his people. In 1533 Spanish explorers led by Francisco Pizarro murdered the emperor of the
Incas. Earlier, the heir to the Incan empire had also been killed. The Incas, who had always been entirely
dependent on their emperor, now had no recognized leader. The Spaniards easily conquered the empire
and plundered its riches. Have the Incas disappeared from South America? Not at all. In Peru alone, once
the center of that great empire, eighty percent of the twenty million people are descendants of the Inca
people. Evidence of the Incan empire can be found in many other places in South America as well. You
can even visit Machu Picchu. The remains of this ancient city still stand high in the mountains of Peru, an
awesome tribute to this once powerful empire.
What is the main idea of this passage?
- A. Spanish conquerors destroyed the Incan empire in the thirteenth century.
- B. The Incan empire can be found in ancient cities and was plundered by the Spanish.
- C. The Incas once inhabited the ancient city of Machu Picchu.
- D. Machu Picchu was the capital of the Incan empire.
- E. Peru was the primary country of the Incas.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 183
One of the most intriguing stories of the Russian Revolution concerns the identity of Anastasia, the
youngest daughter of Czar Nicholas II. During his reign over Russia, the Czar had planned to revoke
many of the harsh laws established by previous czars. Some workers and peasants, however, clamored
for more rapid social reform. In 1918 a group of these people, known as Bolsheviks, overthrew the
government. On July 17 or 18, they murdered the Czar and what was thought to be his entire family.
Although witnesses vouched that all the members of the Czar's family had been executed, there were
rumors suggesting that Anastasia had survived. Over the years, a number of women claimed to be Grand
Duchess AnastasiA. Perhaps the best -known claimant was Anastasia Tschaikovsky, who was also
known as Anna Anderson. In 1920, eighteen months after the Czar's execution, this terrified young
woman was rescued from drowning in a Berlin river. She spent two years in a hospital, where she
attempted to reclaim her health and shattered mind. The doctors and nurses thought that she resembled
Anastasia and questioned heer about her background. She disclaimed any connection with the Czar's
family. Eight years later, though, she claimed that she was AnastasiA. She said that she had been
rescued by two Russian soldiers after the Czar and the rest of her family had been killed. Two brothers
named Tschaikovsky had carried her into RomaniA. She had married one of the brothers, who had taken
her to Berlin and left her there, penniless and without a vocation. Unable to invoke the aid of her mother's
family in Germany, she had tried to drown herself. During the next few years, scores of the Czar's
relatives, exservants, and acquaintances interviewed her. Many of these people said that her looks and
mannerisms were evocative of the Anastasia that they had known. Her grandmother and other relatives
denied that she was the real Anastasia, however. Tried of being accused of fraud, Anastasia immigrated
to the United States in 1928 and took the name Anna Anderson. She still wished to prove that she was
Anastasia, though, and returned to Germany in 1933 to bring suit against her mother's family. There she
declaimed to the court, asserting that she was indeed Anastasia and deserved her inheritance. In 1957,
the court decided that it could neither confirm nor deny Anastasia's identity. Although we will probably
never know whether this woman was the Grand Duchess Anastasia, her search to establish her identity
has been the subject of numerous books, plays, and movies.
Witnesses ___ that all members of the Czar's family had been executed.
- A. answer not stated
- B. convinced some
- C. gave assurance
- D. thought
- E. hoped
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 184
FAWN:
- A. dominate
- B. boast
- C. grow stronger
- D. win over
- E. insult
Answer: A
Explanation:
To FAWN is to "behave in a servile, cringing, manner" (like a dog toward its master). To dominate is to act
in an opposite manner.
NEW QUESTION 185
COG : WATCH ::
- A. seasoning : recipe
- B. fish : school
- C. screen : television
- D. lawyer : jury
- E. manager : bureaucracy
Answer: E
Explanation:
This is a "part-to-whole" analogy. A COG (gear or gear-tooth) is one of several types of components that
together make a WATCH operate; similarly, a manager is one of many types of workers who contribute to
the operation of a bureaucracy (a large, structured organization).
NEW QUESTION 186
Conflict had existed between Spain and England since the 1570s. England wanted a share of the wealth
that Spain had been taking from the lands it had claimed in the Americas.
Elizabeth I, Queen of England, encouraged her staunch admiral of the navy, Sir Francis Drake, to raid
Spanish ships and towns. Though these raids were on a small scale, Drake achieved dramatic success,
adding gold and silver to England's treasury and diminishing Spain's omnipotence. Religious differences
also caused conflict between the two countries. Whereas Spain was Roman Catholic, most of England
had become Protestant.
King Philip II of Spain wanted to claim the throne and make England a Catholic country again. To satisfy
his ambition and also to retaliate against England's theft of his gold and silver, King Philip began to build
his fleet of warships, the Armada, in January 1586.
Philip intended his fleet to be indestructible. In addition to building new warships, he marshaled one
hundred and thirty sailing vessels of all types and recruited more than nineteen thousand robust soldiers
and eight thousand sailors. Although some of his ships lacked guns and others lacked ammunition, Philip
was convinced that his Armada could withstand any battle with England. The martial Armada set sail from
Lisbon, Portugal, on May 9,1588, but bad weather forced it back to port. The voyage resumed on July 22
after the weather became more stable. The Spanish fleet met the smaller, faster, and more maneuverable
English ships in battle off the coast of Plymouth, England, first on July 31 and again on August 2. The two
battles left Spain vulnerable, having lost several ships and with its ammunition depleted. On August 7,
while the Armada lay at anchor on the
French side of the Strait of Dover, England sent eight burning ships into the midst of the
Spanish fleet to set it on fire. Blocked on one side, the Spanish ships could only drift away, their crews in
panic and disorder. Before the Armada could regroup, the English attacked again on August 8. Although
the Spaniards made a valiant effort to fight back, the fleet suffered extensive damage. During the eight
hours of battle, the Armada drifted perilously close to the rocky coastline. At the moment when it seemed
that the Spanish ships would be driven onto the English shore, the wind shifted, and the Armada drifted
out into the North Sea. The Spaniards recognized the superiority of the English fleet and returned home,
defeated
The ____ Armada set sail on May 9, 1588.
- A. independent
- B. complete
- C. warlike
- D. isolated
- E. answer not available
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 187
TAUT:
- A. circular
- B. workable
- C. slackened
- D. durable
- E. refined
Answer: C
Explanation:
TAUT means "tense or rigid." Slackened means "loosened."
NEW QUESTION 188
GAUDY : TASTEFUL
- A. nutritious : health
- B. meager: abundance
- C. chronological: time
- D. massive: volume
- E. impartial: objectivity
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 189
Just as Mozart's music broke new ground in the world of classicism, so Beethoven's work _______ the
unspoken rules of the classical period and _______ changes which eventually led to romanticism.
- A. conformed to . . supported
- B. overturned . . initiated
- C. eradicated . . avoided
- D. evaded . . resisted
- E. obeyed . . implemented
Answer: B
Explanation:
The words "Just as" provide a clue that Beethoven, like Mozart, was a musical revolutionary. Therefore, to
say that he overturned the rules and initiated change makes good sense.
NEW QUESTION 190
In the 1970s, the idea of building so called "New Towns" to absorb growth was considered a potential
cure-all for urban problems in the United States. It was assumed that by diverting residents from existing
centers, current urban problems would at least get no worse. It was also assumed that, since European
New Towns had been financially and socially successful, the same could be expected in the United States.
In the end, these ill-considered projects actually weakened
U.S. cities further by drawing away high-income citizens. While industry and commerce sought in turn to
escape, the lower-income groups left behind were unable to provide the necessary tax base to support
the cities. Not surprisingly, development occurred in areas where land was cheap and construction
profitable rather than where New Towns were genuinely needed. Moreover, the failure on the part of
planners and federal legislators to consider social needs resulted not in the sort of successful New Towns
seen in Britain but in nothing more than sprawling suburbs.
Which of the following phenomena is most closely analogous to the New Towns established in the United
States?
- A. A scientific theory that lacks supporting empirical evidence
- B. A business that fails as a result of insufficient demand for its products or services
- C. A new computer program that attempts to solve one software problem but that creates another
- D. A new game that fails to attain widespread popularity because its rules are unfair
- E. A new drug that is never approved for legal sale because of its severe side effects
Answer: C
Explanation:
According to the first sentence of the passage, New Towns were originally conceptualized as a way to
absorb growth. Based on other information in the passage, it appears that New Towns in the United
States achieved this objective-at least to some extent-since city residents who could afford to move
away from urban centers did so. At the same time, however, the cities were left with new problems, such
as an insufficient tax base to support themselves and to retain businesses. Thus, like a computer program
that attempts to solve one software problem but creates another, New Towns were a new innovation that
served to solve one problem but created another along the way.
NEW QUESTION 191
BELLOW : FURY
- A. snicker: hatred
- B. giggle:dread
- C. gasp: surprise
- D. hiss:joy
- E. yawn: excitement
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 192
BRAGGART : MODESTY
- A. embezzler: greed
- B. wallflower: timidity
- C. fledgling:experience
- D. invalid: malady
- E. candidate:ambititon
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 193
INFLATE : BIGGER
- A. diminish : smaller
- B. revere: lower
- C. elongate: shorter
- D. meditate: higher
- E. fluctuate: longer
Answer: A
Explanation:
Topic 2, Antonyms
NEW QUESTION 194
RESOLUTION:
- A. revulsion
- B. revocation
- C. denunciation
- D. vacillation
- E. introduction
Answer: D
Explanation:
RESOLUTION means "determination or a clear sense of purpose"; vacillation refers to a "state of
indecision or lack of clear purpose."
NEW QUESTION 195
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