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NEW QUESTION # 46
Which of the following are true about the transform-design pattern for a machine learning pipeline? (Select three.) It aims to separate inputs from features.
- A. It encapsulates the processing steps of ML pipelines.
- B. It transforms the output data after production.
- C. It seeks to isolate individual steps of ML pipelines.
- D. It represents steps in the pipeline with a directed acyclic graph (DAG).
- E. It ensures reproducibility.
Answer: A,C,E
Explanation:
The transform-design pattern for ML pipelines aims to separate inputs from features, encapsulate the processing steps of ML pipelines, and represent steps in the pipeline with a DAG. These goals help to make the pipeline modular, reusable, and easy to understand. The transform-design pattern does not seek to isolate individual steps of ML pipelines, as this would create entanglement and dependency issues. It also does not transform the output data after production, as this would violate the principle of separation of concerns.
NEW QUESTION # 47
We are using the k-nearest neighbors algorithm to classify the new data points. The features are on different scales.
Which method can help us to solve this problem?
- A. Standardization
- B. Normalization
- C. Log transformation
- D. Square-root transformation
Answer: B
Explanation:
Normalization is a method that can help us to solve the problem of features being on different scales when using the k-nearest neighbors algorithm. Normalization is a technique that rescales the values of features to a common range, such as [0, 1] or [-1, 1]. Normalization can help reduce the influence or dominance of some features over others, as well as improve the accuracy and performance of the algorithm2.
NEW QUESTION # 48
Which of the following tests should be performed at the production level before deploying a newly retrained model?
- A. Unit test
- B. A/Btest
- C. Security test
- D. Performance test
Answer: D
Explanation:
Performance testing is a type of testing that should be performed at the production level before deploying a newly retrained model. Performance testing measures how well the model meets the non-functional requirements, such as speed, scalability, reliability, availability, and resource consumption. Performance testing can help identify any bottlenecks or issues that may affect the user experience or satisfaction with the model. References: [Performance Testing Tutorial: What is, Types, Metrics and Example], [Performance Testing for Machine Learning Systems | by David Talby | Towards Data Science]
NEW QUESTION # 49
You and your team need to process large datasets of images as fast as possible for a machine learning task.
The project will also use a modular framework with extensible code and an active developer community.
Which of the following would BEST meet your needs?
- A. Caffe
- B. TensorBoard
- C. Keras
- D. Microsoft Cognitive Services
Answer: A
Explanation:
Caffe is a deep learning framework that is designed for speed and modularity. It can process large datasets of images efficiently and supports various types of neural networks. It also has a large and active developer community that contributes to its code base and documentation. Caffe is suitable for image processing tasks such as classification, segmentation, detection, and recognition
NEW QUESTION # 50
Which of the following sentences is TRUE about the definition of cloud models for machine learning pipelines?
- A. Data as a Service (DaaS) can host the databases providing backups, clustering, and high availability.
- B. Platform as a Service (PaaS) can provide some services within an application such as payment applications to create efficient results.
- C. Software as a Service (SaaS) can provide AI practitioner data science services such as Jupyter notebooks.
- D. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) can provide CPU, memory, disk, network and GPU.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Cloud models are service models that provide different levels of abstraction and control over computing resources in a cloud environment. Some of the common cloud models for machine learning pipelines are:
* Software as a Service (SaaS): SaaS provides ready-to-use applications that run on the cloud provider's infrastructure and are accessible through a web browser or an API. SaaS can provide AI practitioner data science services such as Jupyter notebooks, which are web-based interactive environments that allow users to create and share documents that contain code, text, visualizations, and more.
* Platform as a Service (PaaS): PaaS provides a platform that allows users to develop, run, and manage applications without worrying about the underlying infrastructure. PaaS can provide some services within an application such as payment applications to create efficient results.
* Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): IaaS provides access to fundamental computing resources such as servers, storage, networks, and operating systems. IaaS can provide CPU, memory, disk, network and GPU resources that can be used to run machine learning models and applications.
* Data as a Service (DaaS): DaaS provides access to data sources that can be consumed by applications or users on demand. DaaS can host the databases providing backups, clustering, and high availability.
NEW QUESTION # 51
Which of the following algorithms is an example of unsupervised learning?
- A. Ridge regression
- B. Neural networks
- C. Random forest
- D. Principal components analysis
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that involves finding patterns or structures in unlabeled data without any predefined outcome or feedback. Unsupervised learning can be used for various tasks, such as clustering, dimensionality reduction, anomaly detection, or association rule mining. Some of the common algorithms for unsupervised learning are:
Principal components analysis: Principal components analysis (PCA) is a method that reduces the dimensionality of data by transforming it into a new set of orthogonal variables (principal components) that capture the maximum amount of variance in the data. PCA can help simplify and visualize high-dimensional data, as well as remove noise or redundancy from the data.
K-means clustering: K-means clustering is a method that partitions data into k groups (clusters) based on their similarity or distance. K-means clustering can help discover natural or hidden groups in the data, as well as identify outliers or anomalies in the data.
Apriori algorithm: Apriori algorithm is a method that finds frequent itemsets (sets of items that occur together frequently) and association rules (rules that describe how items are related or correlated) in transactional data. Apriori algorithm can help discover patterns or insights in the data, such as customer behavior, preferences, or recommendations.
NEW QUESTION # 52
When should the model be retrained in the ML pipeline?
- A. Concept drift is detected in the pipeline.
- B. Some outliers are detected in live data.
- C. More data become available for the training phase.
- D. A new monitoring component is added.
Answer: A
Explanation:
When concept drift is detected in the pipeline, it means that the model performance has degraded over time due to changes in the underlying data generating process. This requires retraining the model with new data that reflects the current situation and updating the model parameters accordingly. References: Use pipeline parameters to retrain models in the designer - Azure Machine Learning | Microsoft Learn, Retraining Model During Deployment: Continuous Training and Continuous Testing
NEW QUESTION # 53
In which of the following scenarios is lasso regression preferable over ridge regression?
- A. There is high collinearity among some of the features associated with the dependent variable.
- B. The sample size is much larger than the number of features.
- C. The number of features is much larger than the sample size.
- D. There are many features with no association with the dependent variable.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
Lasso regression is a type of linear regression that adds a regularization term to the loss function to reduce overfitting and improve generalization. Lasso regression uses an L1 norm as the regularization term, which is the sum of the absolute values of the coefficients. Lasso regression can shrink some of the coefficients to zero, which effectively eliminates some of the features from the model. Lasso regression is preferable over ridge regression when there are many features with no association with the dependent variable, as it can perform feature selection and reduce the complexity and noise of the model.
NEW QUESTION # 54
Which of the following metrics is being captured when performing principal component analysis?
- A. Missingness
- B. Variance
- C. Kurtosis
- D. Skewness
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Principal component analysis (PCA) is a technique that reduces the dimensionality of a dataset by transforming it into a set of new variables called principal components. The principal components are linear combinations of the original variables that capture the maximum amount of variance in the data. The first principal component explains the most variance, the second principal component explains the second most variance, and so on. The goal of PCA is to retain as much variance as possible while reducing the number of variables.
NEW QUESTION # 55
Below are three tables: Employees, Departments, and Directors.
Employee_Table
Department_Table
Director_Table
ID
Firstname
Lastname
Age
Salary
DeptJD
4566
Joey
Morin
62
$ 122,000
1
1230
Sam
Clarck
43
$ 95,670
2
9077
Lola
Russell
54
$ 165,700
3
1346
Lily
Cotton
46
$ 156,000
4
2088
Beckett
Good
52
$ 165,000
5
Which SQL query provides the Directors' Firstname, Lastname, the name of their departments, and the average employee's salary?
- A. SELECT m.Firstname, m.Lastname, d.Name, AVG(e.Salary) as Dept_avg_Salary FROM Employee_Table as e RIGHT JOIN Department_Table as d on e.Dept = d.Name INNER JOIN Directorjable as m on d.ID = m.DeptJD GROUP BY e.Salary
- B. SELECT m.Firstname, m.Lastname, d.Name, AVG(e.Saiary) as Dept_avg_Saiary FROM Employee_Table as e LEFT JOIN Department_Table as d on e.Dept = d.Name LEFT JOIN Directorjable as m on d.ID = m.DeptJD GROUP BY m.Firstname, m.Lastname, d.Name
- C. SELECT m.Firstname, m.Lastname, d.Name, AVG(e.Salary) as Dept_avg_Salary FROM Employee_Table as e RIGHT JOIN Department_Table as d on e.Dept = d.Name INNER JOIN Directorjable as m on d.ID = m.DeptID GROUP BY m.Firstname, m.Lastname, d.Name
- D. SELECT m.Firstname, m.Lastname, d.Name, AVG(e.Salary) as Dept_avg_Salary FROM Employee_Table as e RIGHT JOIN Departmentjable as d on e.Dept = d.Name INNER JOIN Directorjable as m on d.ID = m.DeptJD GROUP BY d.Name
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
This SQL query provides the Directors' Firstname, Lastname, the name of their departments, and the average employee's salary by joining the three tables using the appropriate join types and conditions. The RIGHT JOIN between Employee_Table and Department_Table ensures that all departments are included in the result, even if they have no employees. The INNER JOIN between Department_Table and Directorjable ensures that only departments with directors are included in the result. The GROUP BY clause groups the result by the directors' names and departments' names, and calculates the average salary for each group using the AVG function. References: SQL Joins - W3Schools, SQL GROUP BY Statement - W3Schools
NEW QUESTION # 56
A change in the relationship between the target variable and input features is
- A. data drift.
- B. model decay.
- C. concept drift.
- D. covariate shift.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Concept drift, also known as model drift, occurs when the task that the model was designed to perform changes over time. For example, imagine that a machine learning model was trained to detect spam emails based on the content of the email. If the types of spam emails that people receive change significantly, the model may no longer be able to accurately detect spam. References: Understanding Data Drift and Model Drift: Drift Detection in Python | DataCamp, Machine Learning Monitoring, Part 5: Why You Should Care About Data and Concept Drift
NEW QUESTION # 57
A big data architect needs to be cautious about personally identifiable information (PII) that may be captured with their new IoT system. What is the final stage of the Data Management Life Cycle, which the architect must complete in order to implement data privacy and security appropriately?
- A. Detain
- B. De-Duplicate
- C. Duplicate
- D. Destroy
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The final stage of the data management life cycle is data destruction, which is the process of securely deleting or erasing data that is no longer needed or relevant for the organization. Data destruction ensures that data is disposed of in compliance with any legal or regulatory requirements, as well as any internal policies or standards. Data destruction also protects the organization from potential data breaches, leaks, or thefts that could compromise its privacy and security. Data destruction can be performed using various methods, such as overwriting, degaussing, shredding, or incinerating
NEW QUESTION # 58
Which of the following best describes distributed artificial intelligence?
- A. It does not require hyperparemeter tuning because the distributed nature accounts for the bias.
- B. It intelligently pre-distributes the weight of starting a neural network.
- C. It relies on a distributed system that performs robust computations across a network of unreliable nodes.
- D. It uses a centralized system to speak to decentralized nodes.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Distributed artificial intelligence (DAI) is a subfield of artificial intelligence that studies how multiple intelligent agents can coordinate and cooperate to achieve a common goal or solve a complex problem. DAI relies on a distributed system that performs robust computations across a network of unreliable nodes, such as sensors, robots, or humans. DAI can handle large-scale, dynamic, and uncertain environments that are beyond the capabilities of a single agent. References: [Distributed artificial intelligence - Wikipedia], [Distributed Artificial Intelligence: An Overview]
NEW QUESTION # 59
Which of the following describes a neural network without an activation function?
- A. A form of a linear regression
- B. A form of a quantile regression
- C. An unsupervised learning technique
- D. A radial basis function kernel
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
A neural network without an activation function is equivalent to a form of a linear regression. A neural network is a computational model that consists of layers of interconnected nodes (neurons) that process inputs and produce outputs. An activation function is a function that determines the output of a neuron based on its input. An activation function can introduce non-linearity into a neural network, which allows it to model complex and non-linear relationships between inputs and outputs. Without an activation function, a neural network becomes a linear combination of inputs and weights, which is essentially a linear regression model.
NEW QUESTION # 60
You and your team need to process large datasets of images as fast as possible for a machine learning task.
The project will also use a modular framework with extensible code and an active developer community.
Which of the following would BEST meet your needs?
- A. Caffe
- B. TensorBoard
- C. Keras
- D. Microsoft Cognitive Services
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Caffe is a deep learning framework that is designed for speed and modularity. It can process large datasets of images efficiently and supports various types of neural networks. It also has a large and active developer community that contributes to its code base and documentation. Caffe is suitable for image processing tasks such as classification, segmentation, detection, and recognition
NEW QUESTION # 61
Which type of regression represents the following formula: y = c + b*x, where y = estimated dependent variable score, c = constant, b = regression coefficient, and x = score on the independent variable?
- A. Polynomial regression
- B. Ridge regression
- C. Lasso regression
- D. Linear regression
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 62
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